MF3D Database

CT data acquisition

All 3D surface data used in MF3D databases were derived from in vivo computed tomography (CT) scans of anesthetized captive Rhesus macaque (m.mulatta) monkeys. Data were acquired at a range of research institutions, under protocols approved by local Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)’s that conform to national animal welfare law (e.g. the Animal Welfare Act in the US).

Database demographics

The validity of a morphable model for a given application is fundamentally limited by the sample data that were used to construct it. In particular, while the central tendency of a sample will quickly converge towards an accurate representation of the population mean, the accuracy of linearly interpolated morphs into the extreme periphery of the model space will suffer if that region is under sampled. For example, changes in craniofacial morphology with age are non-linear: there is an early period of bone and muscle growth, followed by loosening of the skin and eventual loss of muscle tone. The demographic make-up of the samples used to construct the original MF3D face-space and other morphable models are provided below.

MF3D (faces)

The demographic make-up of the sample used to construct the original MF3D face-space is shown in the plot to the right. All animals in this sample (N = 36) were over 4 years of age, and only a small proportion were female (N = 7). The voxel resolution of CT volumes varied from 0.25 - 0.37mm in-plane, and 0.125 - 0.5mm slice thickness.

MF3D Demographics Table

ID	Species	Gender	Weight (kg)	Scan date	DOB	Age (yrs)	Resolution in plane(mm)	Slice thickness (mm)	Source	Source ID#	Position	Origin ID	MRI	Notes
M01	Mulatta	Female	6.7			6.0	0.225	0.2	DMM	47	Stereotax	m047
M02	Mulatta	Male	7.1			6.0	0.25	0.2	DMM	48	Stereotax	m048
M03	Mulatta	Male	5.65	2/4/2015	4/29/2008	6.8	0.3	0.5	NIH	FB81	Stereotax	MrBeckey	1	Headpost
M04	Mulatta	Male	7.5	2/4/2015	5/5/2007	7.7	0.3	0.5	NIH	DP9T	Stereotax	Pauling	1	Headpost
M05	Mulatta	Male	9.45	3/14/2013		9.0	0.26	0.3	NIH	DBKL	Stereotax	Alpha		ECoG
M06	Mulatta	Female	9.5	8/14/2014		6.0	0.29	0.5	NIH	KM2	Stereotax	Snookie		ECoG
M07	Mulatta	Female	4.8	3/18/2015		6.0	0.285	0.5	NIH	K91	Stereotax	Theta		ECoG
M08	Mulatta	Male	9.5	10/30/2014		8.0	0.324	0.5	NIH	DV74	Stereotax	Zeta		ECoG
M09	Mulatta	Male	12	2/1/2017	4/9/2010	6.8	0.37	0.3	NIH	DX8N	Stereotax	Hendrix	1	Headpost
M10	Mulatta	Male	7.7	9/15/2016	4/7/2008	8.4	0.35	0.5	NIH	DV64	Stereotax	Gumby		Scar
M11	Mulatta	Female	5.1	10/29/2015	8/6/2008	7.2	0.36	0.125	NIH	KFZ	Stereotax	Regina	1	Headpost
M12	Mulatta	Male	12.5	12/15/2016	6/2/2009	7.5	0.37	0.25	NIH	FC7P	Stereotax	Bennie		Headpost
M13	Mulatta	Male	10.1	6/27/2017	4/3/12	5.2	0.37	0.25	NIH	H818	Stereotax	Jasper	1
M14	Mulatta	Male	13.95	11/4/2016	1/1/06	10.8	0.37	0.25	NIH	DN4R	Stereotax	Agnew
M15	Mulatta	Male	11.25	8/4/2016	5/10/10	6.2	0.37	0.25	NIH	DX7F	Stereotax	Bruce		Headpost
M16	Mulatta	Male	11.45	8/4/2016	5/17/10	6.2	0.37	0.25	NIH	GB7X	Stereotax	Christian		Headpost
M17	Mulatta	Male	7.6	8/27/2015	6/7/10	5.2	0.293	0.5	NIH	DX8L	Stereotax	Dobbs	1
M18	Mulatta	Male	6	9/11/2015	5/12/10	5.3	0.355	0.3	NIH	DW7WX	Stereotax	Micro	1	Headpost
M19	Mulatta	Male	14.1	4/21/2016	5/7/10	6.0	0.37	0.125	NIH	DX4X	Stereotax	Piroette	1	Headpost
M20	Mulatta	Male	6.7	2/18/2016	5/4/11	4.8	0.37	0.125	NIH	H114	Stereotax	Voltaire		Headpost
M21	Mulatta	Male	5.7	8/20/2015	8/20/11	4.0	0.352	0.25	NIH	H502	Stereotax	Waldo		Headpost
M22	Mulatta	Male	7.3	5/10/2018	4/9/2014	4.1			NIH	H47F	Stereotax	Wasabi	1	Headpost
M23	Mulatta	Male	8.5	12/7/2018	7/17/2012	6.4	0.37	0.25	NIH	H753	Stereotax	Zoboomafoo		Headpost
M24	Mulatta	Male	6.8	11/20/2017	8/10/2009	8.3	0.37	0.25	NIH	FE5F	Stereotax	Prima	1	Headpost
M25	Mulatta	Male	8.5	12/28/2014	5/22/2009	5.6	0.293	0.25	NIH	FC7V	Stereotax	Mega		Headpost
M26	Mulatta	Male	7.8	1/18/2018	5/2/2013	4.7	0.37	0.25	NIH	H29L	Stereotax	Blis	1	Headpost
M27	Mulatta	Male	12.2	2/13/2017	4/1/1992	24.9	0.46	0.625	UC Davis	MMU26667	Stereotax	A
M28	Mulatta	Male	14.2	3/15/2017	6/1/1991	25.8	0.31	0.625	UC Davis	MMU26412	Stereotax	B
M29	Mulatta	Male	11.5	2/15/2017	2/1/1998	19.0	0.48	0.625	UC Davis	MMU30529	Stereotax	C
M30	Mulatta	Male	13.1	4/21/2014	3/1/2000	14.1	0.4	0.625	UC Davis	MMU32261	Stereotax	D		Headpost
M31	Mulatta	Male	11.1	7/12/2017	3/1/2001	16.4	0.36	0.625	UC Davis	MMU32891	Stereotax	E		Headpost
M32	Mulatta			10/15/2014			0.34	0.625	UC Davis	MMU21835	Stereotax	F
M33	Mulatta	Male	16	11/15/2017	5/1/2009	8.5	0.39	0.625	UC Davis	MMU40100	Stereotax	G		Lips cropped
M34	Mulatta	Female	7.5	10/9/2014	2/1/2005	9.7	0.34	0.625	UC Davis	MMU36179	Stereotax	H
M35	Mulatta	Female	9.3	5/6/2014	3/1/2007	7.2	0.32	0.625	UC Davis	MMU37884	Stereotax	I
M36	Mulatta	Female	7.8	10/8/2013	3/1/2003	10.6	0.29	0.625	UC Davis	MMU34748	Stereotax	J
M37	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	1		Cranium only
M38	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	2		Cranium only
M39	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	3		Cranium only
M40	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	4		Cranium only
M41	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	5		Cranium only
M42	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	6		Cranium only
M43	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	7		Cranium only
M44	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	8		Cranium only
M45	Mulatta								Amsterdam		Supine	9		Cranium only
M23	Mulatta	Male	5.4	5/10/2018	6/24/2014	3.9			NIH	H47G	Stereotax	Langston	1	Headpost
F01	Fuscata	Male	10.1			21.0	0.351		DMM	297	On side
F02	Fuscata	Female	10.2			28.0	0.332		DMM	368	On side
F03	Fuscata	Female	10.2			28.0	0.25		DMM	370	On side			Cropped skull
F04	Fuscata	Female	6.6			26.0	0.313		DMM	373	On side
F05	Fuscata	Female	6.6			26.0	0.25		DMM	374	Stereotax			Cropped skull
F06	Fuscata	Female	7.9			5.0	0.25		DMM	379	On side
F07	Fuscata	Female	3.8			2.0	0.25		DMM	391	Stereotax			Stereotax slip

MF3Di (infants)

To extend the face-space model to more accurately cover the craniofacial morphology of infant macaques, we used data from the UNC-Wisconsin Rhesus macaque Neurodevelopment Database (Young et al., 2017). This database includes anatomical (T1-weighted) MRI scans from 36 infant Rhesus macaques between the ages of 2 weeks to 4 years old, collected longitudinally (150 scans total). The demographic distribution of this sample is shown in the plot on the right.

MF3Di Demographics Table

scan ID	Sex	DOB	Birth weight (g)	Matriline	Patriline	Age 1/days	Scan 1	weight kg	Age 2/days	Scan 2	weight	Age 3/days	Scan 3	weight	Age 2/days	Scan 4	weight	Age 2/days	Scan 5	weight
1	F	6/6/10	438	1	1	360	06/01/11	1.9	493	10/12/11	2.6	605	02/01/12	2.76	758	07/03/12	3.16	863	10/16/12	3.4
2	M	6/3/10	590	2	2	363	06/01/11	2.22	496	10/12/11	2.66	608	02/01/12	2.8	761	07/03/12	3.36	866	10/16/12	3.78
4	M	3/11/10	590	4	4	482	07/06/11	3.08	601	11/02/11	3.26	727	03/07/12	4.02	853	07/11/12	4	972	11/07/12	4.94
5	F	12/10/09	452	5	5 / 4	601	08/03/11	2.68	727	12/07/11	3.06	846	04/04/12	3.34	958	07/25/12	3.78	1090	12/04/12	4.66
6	M	12/28/09	648	6	6	584	08/04/11	3.12	709	12/07/11	3.62	828	04/04/12	4.22	940	07/25/12	4.98	1072	12/04/12	5.47
7	M	12/20/10	495	7	7	261	09/07/11	1.86	380	01/04/12	2.12	499	05/02/12	2.38	625	09/05/12	2.88	758	01/16/13	3.19
8	F	12/29/10	460	8	8	252	09/07/11	1.86	371	01/04/12	2.1	490	05/02/12	2.6	616	09/05/12	3.28	750	01/17/13	3.81
10	M	10/11/11	626	10	10 / 9	197	04/25/12	1.53	316	08/22/12	2.31	427	12/11/12	2.65	540	04/03/13	3.42	652	07/24/13	3.84
11	F	12/15/10	425	11	4	498	04/26/12	2.32	616	08/22/12	2.82	721	12/05/12	3.17	847	04/10/13	3.48	973	08/14/13	4.12
12	F	10/19/11	580	12	12	195	05/01/12	1.49	315	08/29/12	2.27	419	12/11/12	2.66	532	04/03/13	3.24	665	08/14/13	3.68
13	M	12/13/11	616	13	13	148	05/09/12	1.2	266	09/04/12	2.12	407	01/23/13	2.94	505	05/01/13	3.13	617	08/21/13	3.56
14	F	12/29/11	463	14	14	146	05/23/12	0.99	250	09/04/12	1.6	391	01/23/13	2.32	489	05/01/13	2.48	615	09/04/13	2.78
15	F	2/2/12	420	15	14 / 9	132	06/13/12	1
16	M	2/23/12	672	16	1	118	06/20/12	1.26	244	10/24/12	1.88	349	02/06/13	2.16	475	06/12/13	2.56	606	10/21/13	2.98
17	M	4/14/12	460	17	17 / 3	95	07/18/12	0.71	228	11/28/12	1.42	326	03/06/13	2	445	07/03/13	2.46	578	11/13/13	3
18	F	4/27/12	609	18	44	103	08/08/12	1.01	229	12/12/12	1.52	313	03/06/13	2.04	432	07/03/13	2.34	566	11/14/13	3.06
19	F	6/4/12	496	19	1	121	10/03/12	1.11	254	02/13/13	1.75	373	06/12/13	2.3	492	10/09/13	2.7	597	01/22/14	3.24
20	M	9/23/12	480	20	20	64	11/26/12	0.89	170	03/12/13	1.34	233	05/14/13	1.62	332	08/21/13	2.24	423	11/20/13	2.35
21	F	11/11/12	500	21	21	74	01/24/13	0.8	157	04/17/13	1.19	255	07/24/13	1.56	339	10/16/13	1.91	451	02/05/14	1.9
22	M	12/26/12	570	22	9 / 4	57	02/21/13	0.74	134	05/09/13	1.28	273	09/25/13	2.08	356	12/17/13	2.12	434	03/05/14	2.62
23	F	1/4/13	488	23	23	54	02/27/13	0.72	153	06/06/13	1.15	236	08/28/13	1.64	320	11/20/13	1.85	432	03/12/14	2.24
24	F	2/22/13	510	24	24	26	03/20/13	0.56
25	M	2/22/13	540	25	23	27	03/21/13	0.68	117	06/19/13	1.1	229	10/09/13	1.58	320	01/08/14	2.07	397	03/26/14	2.3
26	F	12/10/12		26	26	87	03/07/13	1.01	212	07/10/13	1.55	333	11/08/13	2.18	450	03/05/14	2.8	590	07/23/14	3.11
27	M	12/20/12	541	1	27	97	03/27/13	0.86	202	07/10/13	1.24	217	07/25/13	1.38	461	03/26/14	2.17	580	07/23/14	2.73
28	M	3/12/13	582	28	9	29	04/10/13	0.71	127	07/17/13	1.24	218	10/16/13	1.6	309	01/15/14	2.12	400	04/16/14	2.74
29	M	12/17/12	546	29	24	122	04/18/13	1	254	08/28/13	1.74	359	12/11/13	2	478	04/09/14	2.42	611	08/20/14	3
30	F	1/4/13	516	30	30	116	04/30/13	1.1	250	09/11/13	1.66	376	01/15/14	2.31	488	05/07/14	2.79	600	08/27/14	3.18
31	M	3/31/13	500	31	31	32	05/02/13	0.61	122	07/31/13	0.98	222	11/08/13	1.63	297	01/22/14	2.08	402	05/07/14	2.56
32	F	5/13/13	492	32	32	17	05/30/13	0.54	102	08/23/13	0.96	198	11/27/13	1.54	289	02/26/14	2.03	373	05/21/14	2.34
33	F	5/7/13	568	33	33	28	06/04/13	0.7				204	11/27/13	1.5	295	02/26/14	2.1	393	06/04/14	2.48
34	M	6/26/13	476	18	18	16	07/12/13	0.54	98	10/02/13	0.84	224	02/05/14	1.56	294	04/16/14	1.88	371	07/02/14	2.02
35	M	7/23/13	622	35	35	13	08/05/13	0.69	93	10/24/13	1.13	204	02/12/14	1.66	281	04/30/14	2.03	349	07/07/14	2.49
36	M	7/26/13	565	36	36	18	08/13/13	0.64	96	10/30/13	1	201	02/12/14	1.5	278	04/30/14	2.02	346	07/07/14	2.55

MB3D (bodies)

To extend the theoretical concept underlying ‘face-space’ to macaque bodies, we used a sample of whole-body CT data from 200 adult Rhesus macaques from the CNPRC, that was acquired by researchers at UC Davis (Buck et al., 2021). A subset of these data are available via Morphosource. All data were acquired on a GE Discovery® 610 PET/CT scanner, at an in-plane voxel resolution of 0.76mm and 0.625mm slice interval.

MB3D Demographics Table

Specimen	Sex	Yrs	Mos	kg
29999	F	18	11	9.3
30171	F	20	0	8.49
30797	F	17	11	12.6
31603	F	16	8	7.35
31692	F	16	11	7.7
32200	F	16	9	8.5
32208	M	16	0	14.8
32277	F	15	8	7
32397	M	16	11	14.85
32977	M	15	0	17.3
33422	F	14	6	8.87
33428	F	14	6	11.44
33792	F	14	10	10.8
33843	F	14	0	9.46
34993	F	12	5	10.09
35560	F	11	11	10.75
35602	F	11	11	5.93
35761	F	11	0	10.93
35837	M	11	9	11.53
35840	F	11	6	9.45
36384	F	11	0	6.6
36496	M	10	10	16.02
36720	F	10	10	9.42
36819	F	11	8	10.87
37085	F	9	11	11.15
37163	F	10	3	12.58
37166	F	10	3	8.42
37177	F	9	0	9.53
37214	F	10	3	9.9
37266	F	9	11	9.66
37345	M	9	10	13.26
37410	F	9	3	7.12
37414	F	9	7	6.77
37447	F	12	1	11.78
37452	M	9	10	18.6
37477	F	9	7	5.3
37538	F	9	10	11.34
37585	F	9	9	7.57
37599	F	9	9	5.53
37652	F	10	1	15.83
37687	F	10	0	7.38
37748	F	10	0	8.9
37861	F	9	3	7.2
37896	F	9	3	9.49
38037	F	8	11	10.83
38120	F	9	10	7.43
38219	M	9	11	14.95
38228	F	8	10	5.8
38252	F	8	10	11.18
38328	F	8	10	15.21
38341	F	8	10	7.66
38465	F	9	0	9.5
38752	M	8	2	11.84
38982	M	7	7	8.96
39026	F	7	11	7.26
39242	F	7	9	7.39
39374	F	7	9	7.91
39481	F	7	6	9.41
39512	M	7	8	9.58
39612	F	7	0	7
39650	M	7	2	11.45
39847	F	6	11	7.36
39971	M	6	10	11.9
40000	M	6	10	11.21
40021	F	6	10	7.33
40052	F	7	0	11.23
40099	M	7	1	11.69
40109	F	6	10	6.39
40202	M	6	9	10.88
40243	F	6	9	5.18
40446	M	6	7	10.93
40458	F	6	4	5.84
41251	F	6	2	6.4
41255	M	7	1	9.6
28446	M	23	3	11.51
31538	M	18	1	10.57
33030	F	17	1	9.71
33326	F	16	3	7.14
33737	M	15	2	15.47
33899	F	16	1	9.34
33915	F	15	3	8.36
34040	F	15	0	9.28
34839	F	15	0	9.73
34880	M	15	0	12.61
34884	M	15	0	16.58
35538	F	13	0	8.51
35830	F	13	3	8.42
36122	F	13	2	8.44
36312	F	12	3	9.75
36422	M	13	0	19.76
37314	F	12	1	9.44
37365	F	11	3	7.9
37420	F	11	3	9.62
37443	M	11	3	12.01
37568	M	11	3	9.03
37644	F	10	3	5.24
37847	F	11	1	11.19
37943	F	10	3	8.29
38021	F	11	0	14.82
38333	F	10	3	8.5
38361	F	11	0	6.94
38699	F	10	1	12.65
38735	F	10	1	7.81
39018	F	9	1	7.21
39278	F	9	3	9.61
39577	F	9	1	12.99
39670	F	9	1	5.35
39810	F	9	1	7.32
39875	F	8	3	5.39
39925	F	9	0	12.04
39995	F	9	1	9.05
40262	F	8	3	12.14
40765	F	7	3	7.86
40809	F	8	1	8.38
41026	M	7	3	9.88
41066	M	7	3	12.26
41252	F	7	3	7.86
42496	F	6	1	5.62
42687	F	6	0	5.14
42946	F	5	3	8.05
44339	M	4	0	7.86
44417	M	4	0	7.4
45407	F	2	3	6.02
46123	F	5	3	8.2
46124	F	5	1	6.65
46125	M	5	3	9.74
46126	M	5	1	11.25
46127	M	7	0	11.88
46128	M	6	1	13.72
46132	F	6	1	5.4
46133	F	6	1	6.3
46134	F	6	1	6.4
46135	F	6	1	7
46136	M	6	1	12.57
46137	M	6	1	12.96
46769	F	17	0	11.07
32663	F	18	4	9.94
32665	F	18	4	10.27
32924	F	17	7	11.33
33199	F	17	6	7.37
33669	F	16	8	13.46
46770	F	17	6	12.1
37535	F	12	5	12.95
33002	F	17	7	11.34
32888	F	17	7	12.36
27750	F	25	4	9.62
33077	M	17	6	11.63
32107	F	18	7	10.79
32237	F	18	7	8.55
32157	F	18	7	10.21
32191	F	18	7	6.61
32046	F	18	8	8.98
32114	F	18	7	8.95
32636	F	18	4	7.98
29658	F	22	5	7.23
34453	F	24	2	8.35
32394	F	18	7	11.1
31459	F	19	8	9.04
34123	F	21	5	7.11
37576	F	12	7	9.95
41337	F	8	5	8
35122	F	15	7	10.28
41373	F	8	4	9.12
39696	M	9	9	19.2
34220	M	16	7	17.11
33734	M	16	9	14.91
37175	M	12	8	17.62
37394	F	12	7	6.22
37430	F	12	8	11.18
37749	F	12	5	13.34
43016	F	6	6	6.33
37389	F	12	8	11.88
42622	F	6	8	6.07
41165	M	8	7	10.76
31775	F	19	9	9.51
31761	F	19	9	6.83
31677	F	19	10	10.31
31375	F	19	11	7.37
30878	F	20	10	11.64
39584	M	10	3	13.52
40144	M	10	1	14.47
39302	M	11	1	14.5
39272	M	11	1	20.4
40223	M	10	1	22.35
42401	M	7	2	16.7
42272	M	7	4	10.81
42384	M	7	2	11.85
40769	M	9	2	20.97
37161	F	13	4	11.09
39869	F	10	3	7.64
40730	F	9	4	10.17
39107	F	11	3	11.35
37292	F	13	3	13.36
38756	F	11	4	5.84
38529	F	12	1	11.33
36879	F	14	1	12.36